sunnysardine's blog: 02.10

星期一, 2月 01, 2010

Harmony?

Harmony?

I am working with the feeling
That the company is stealing
Fifty pennies from my pocket every day;

But for every single pennie
They will lose ten times as many
By the speed that I'm producing, I dare say.

For it makes me so disgusted
That my speed shall be adjusted
So that nevermore my brow will drip with sweat;

When they're in an awful hurry
Someone else can rush and worry
Till an increase in my wages do I get.

No malicious thoughts I harbor
For the butcher or the barber
Who get eighty cents an hour from the start.

Nearly three years I've been working
Like a fool, but now I'm shirking
When I get what's fair, I'll always do my part.

Someone else can run their races
Till I am on an equal basis
With the ones who learned the trade by mining coal.

Though I can do the work, if s funny
New men can get the money
And I cannot get the same to save my soul.

I am translating the book "The Servants of Power", this poem is from chapter 6. Written by a labor around 1920's, posted on the bulletin board where he was labored. Is it the same voice deep inside your heart too?

BIG FIVE Personality Test

大五人格測驗 (Goldberg,1992)是心理學家廣泛使用的人格測驗。我們都知道買一套人格測驗是很貴的，自己找人做評量也是很貴的。這裡有個好消息！我發現Goldberg等人已經將大五人格測驗做了一個公共財產版(public domain)，大家可以玩玩看，有短版（題數較少）和完整版，對公共財產測驗有興趣的可以看Goldberg(1999)和Goldberg,et al.(2006)。可以列印回饋喔！

The Big Five
In contemporary psychology, the "Big Five" factors of personality are five broad domains or dimensions of personality which have been scientifically discovered to define human personality. First documented by J M Digman in 1990 in his five factor model of personality and later at the highest level of organization (Goldberg, 1993). These five over-arching domains have been found to contain and subsume more-or-less all known personality traits within their five domains and to represent the basic structure behind all personality traits. They have brought order to the often-bewildering array of specific lower-level personality concepts that are constantly being proposed by psychologists, which are often found to be overlapping and confusing. These five factors provide a rich conceptual framework for integrating all the research findings and theory in personality psychology. The big five traits are also referred to as the "Five Factor Model" or FFM (Costa & McCrae, 1992), and as the Global Factors of personality (Russell & Karol, 1994).

The Big Five model is considered to be one of the most comprehensive, empirical, data-driven research findings in the history of personality psychology. Identifying the traits and structure of human personality has been one of the most fundamental goals in all of psychology. Over three or four decades of research, these five broad factors were gradually discovered and defined by several independent sets of researchers (Digman, 1990). These researchers began by studying all known personality traits and then factor-analyzing hundreds of measures of these traits (in self-report and questionnaire data, peer ratings, and objective measures from experimental settings) in order to find the basic, underlying factors of personality.

At least three sets of researchers have worked independently for decades on this problem and have identified generally the same Big Five factors: Goldberg at the Oregon Research Institute, Cattell at the University of Illinois, and Costa and McCrae at the National Institutes of Health.These three sets of researchers used somewhat different methods in finding the five traits, and thus each set of five factors has somewhat different names and definitions. However, all three sets have been found to be highly inter-correlated and factor-analytically aligned.

It is important to note that these traits have been found to organize personality at the highest level, and so they are most helpful as a conceptual, organizing framework for regular, lower-level personality traits. However, because the Big Five traits are so broad and comprehensive, they are not nearly as powerful in predicting and explaining actual behavior as are the more numerous lower-level traits. Many studies have confirmed that in predicting actual behavior the more numerous facet or primary level traits are far more effective (e.g. Mershon & Gorsuch, 1988; Paunonon & Ashton, 2001)

The Big five factors are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN, or CANOE if rearranged). The Neuroticism factor is sometimes referred to as Emotional Stability. Some disagreement remains about how to interpret the Openness factor, which is sometimes called "Intellect". Each factor consists of a cluster of more specific traits that correlate together. For example, extraversion includes such related qualities as sociability, excitement seeking, impulsiveness, and positive emotions.

The Five Factor Model is a purely descriptive model of personality, but psychologists have developed a number of theories to account for the Big Five.